为了提高风能生产的安全性和可靠性，短期预测已成为最重要的。这项研究的重点是挪威大陆架的多步时时空风速预测。图形神经网络（GNN）体系结构用于提取空间依赖性，具有不同的更新功能以学习时间相关性。这些更新功能是使用不同的神经网络体系结构实现的。近年来，一种这样的架构，即变压器，在序列建模中变得越来越流行。已经提出了对原始体系结构的各种改动，以更好地促进时间序列预测，本研究的重点是告密者Logsparse Transformer和AutoFormer。这是第一次将logsparse变压器和自动形态应用于风预测，并且第一次以任何一种或告密者的形式在时空设置以进行风向预测。通过比较时空长的短期记忆（LSTM）和多层感知器（MLP）模型，该研究表明，使用改变的变压器体系结构作为GNN中更新功能的模型能够超越这些功能。此外，我们提出了快速的傅立叶变压器（FFTRANSFORMER），该变压器是基于信号分解的新型变压器体系结构，由两个单独的流组成，分别分析趋势和周期性成分。发现FFTRANSFORMER和自动成型器可在10分钟和1小时的预测中取得优异的结果，而FFTRANSFORMER显着优于所有其他模型的4小时预测。最后，通过改变图表表示的连通性程度，该研究明确说明了所有模型如何利用空间依赖性来改善局部短期风速预测。

随着风能的渗透到电网，能够预测大型风电场的预期电力生产变得越来越重要。深度学习（DL）模型可以在数据中学习复杂的模式，并在预测唤醒损失和预期的电力生产方面找到了广泛的成功。本文提出了一种基于关注的图形神经网络（GNN）的模块化框架，其中可以应用于图形块的任何所需组件。结果表明，该模型显着优于多层的Perceptron（MLP）和双向LSTM（BLSTM）模型，同时通过Vanilla GNN模型提供性能。此外，我们认为，所提出的图表架构可以通过为要使用的所需注意操作提供灵活性来轻松适应不同的应用，这可能取决于特定应用。通过分析注意力的重量，据表明，采用基于关注的GNN可以提供洞察模型学习的内容。特别是，注意网络似乎意识到与唤醒损失的一些物理直觉对齐的涡轮机依赖性。

The success of neural networks builds to a large extent on their ability to create internal knowledge representations from real-world high-dimensional data, such as images, sound, or text. Approaches to extract and present these representations, in order to explain the neural network's decisions, is an active and multifaceted research field. To gain a deeper understanding of a central aspect of this field, we have performed a targeted review focusing on research that aims to associate internal representations with human understandable concepts. In doing this, we added a perspective on the existing research by using primarily deductive nomological explanations as a proposed taxonomy. We find this taxonomy and theories of causality, useful for understanding what can be expected, and not expected, from neural network explanations. The analysis additionally uncovers an ambiguity in the reviewed literature related to the goal of model explainability; is it understanding the ML model or, is it actionable explanations useful in the deployment domain?

Human motion prediction is a complex task as it involves forecasting variables over time on a graph of connected sensors. This is especially true in the case of few-shot learning, where we strive to forecast motion sequences for previously unseen actions based on only a few examples. Despite this, almost all related approaches for few-shot motion prediction do not incorporate the underlying graph, while it is a common component in classical motion prediction. Furthermore, state-of-the-art methods for few-shot motion prediction are restricted to motion tasks with a fixed output space meaning these tasks are all limited to the same sensor graph. In this work, we propose to extend recent works on few-shot time-series forecasting with heterogeneous attributes with graph neural networks to introduce the first few-shot motion approach that explicitly incorporates the spatial graph while also generalizing across motion tasks with heterogeneous sensors. In our experiments on motion tasks with heterogeneous sensors, we demonstrate significant performance improvements with lifts from 10.4% up to 39.3% compared to best state-of-the-art models. Moreover, we show that our model can perform on par with the best approach so far when evaluating on tasks with a fixed output space while maintaining two magnitudes fewer parameters.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

This volume contains revised versions of the papers selected for the third volume of the Online Handbook of Argumentation for AI (OHAAI). Previously, formal theories of argument and argument interaction have been proposed and studied, and this has led to the more recent study of computational models of argument. Argumentation, as a field within artificial intelligence (AI), is highly relevant for researchers interested in symbolic representations of knowledge and defeasible reasoning. The purpose of this handbook is to provide an open access and curated anthology for the argumentation research community. OHAAI is designed to serve as a research hub to keep track of the latest and upcoming PhD-driven research on the theory and application of argumentation in all areas related to AI.

Time series, sets of sequences in chronological order, are essential data in statistical research with many forecasting applications. Although recent performance in many Transformer-based models has been noticeable, long multi-horizon time series forecasting remains a very challenging task. Going beyond transformers in sequence translation and transduction research, we observe the effects of down-and-up samplings that can nudge temporal saliency patterns to emerge in time sequences. Motivated by the mentioned observation, in this paper, we propose a novel architecture, Temporal Saliency Detection (TSD), on top of the attention mechanism and apply it to multi-horizon time series prediction. We renovate the traditional encoder-decoder architecture by making as a series of deep convolutional blocks to work in tandem with the multi-head self-attention. The proposed TSD approach facilitates the multiresolution of saliency patterns upon condensed multi-heads, thus progressively enhancing complex time series forecasting. Experimental results illustrate that our proposed approach has significantly outperformed existing state-of-the-art methods across multiple standard benchmark datasets in many far-horizon forecasting settings. Overall, TSD achieves 31% and 46% relative improvement over the current state-of-the-art models in multivariate and univariate time series forecasting scenarios on standard benchmarks. The Git repository is available at https://github.com/duongtrung/time-series-temporal-saliency-patterns.

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) provides detailed spectral information and has been utilised in many real-world applications. This work introduces an HSI dataset of building facades in a light industry environment with the aim of classifying different building materials in a scene. The dataset is called the Light Industrial Building HSI (LIB-HSI) dataset. This dataset consists of nine categories and 44 classes. In this study, we investigated deep learning based semantic segmentation algorithms on RGB and hyperspectral images to classify various building materials, such as timber, brick and concrete.

We propose a novel multi-task method for quantile forecasting with shared Linear layers. Our method is based on the Implicit quantile learning approach, where samples from the Uniform distribution $\mathcal{U}(0, 1)$ are reparameterized to quantile values of the target distribution. We combine the implicit quantile and input time series representations to directly forecast multiple quantile estimations for multiple horizons jointly. Prior works have adopted a Linear layer for the direct estimation of all forecasting horizons in a multi-task learning setup. We show that following similar intuition from multi-task learning to exploit correlations among forecast horizons, we can model multiple quantile estimates as auxiliary tasks for each of the forecast horizon to improve forecast accuracy across the quantile estimates compared to modeling only a single quantile estimate. We show learning auxiliary quantile tasks leads to state-of-the-art performance on deterministic forecasting benchmarks concerning the main-task of forecasting the 50$^{th}$ percentile estimate.

Point cloud analysis is receiving increasing attention, however, most existing point cloud models lack the practical ability to deal with the unavoidable presence of unknown objects. This paper mainly discusses point cloud analysis under open-set settings, where we train the model without data from unknown classes and identify them in the inference stage. Basically, we propose to solve open-set point cloud analysis using a novel Point Cut-and-Mix mechanism consisting of Unknown-Point Simulator and Unknown-Point Estimator modules. Specifically, we use the Unknown-Point Simulator to simulate unknown data in the training stage by manipulating the geometric context of partial known data. Based on this, the Unknown-Point Estimator module learns to exploit the point cloud's feature context for discriminating the known and unknown data. Extensive experiments show the plausibility of open-set point cloud analysis and the effectiveness of our proposed solutions. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/ShiQiu0419/pointcam}.